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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  i   580 

(716)  872-4SC3 


m^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibllographiques 


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the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilieur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  ddtails 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtro  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  fiimage 
sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 


/ 


n 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  peiiicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gdcgraphiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bieue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  platef  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reii6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliuro  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
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mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
ptis  6t6  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires; 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicui6es 


0 


D 

D 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es.  tachetAes  ou  piqudes 


I      I    Pages  detached/ 


Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrcughy 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualiti  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppiimentaire 


r~]    Showthrcugh/ 

r~l    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

|~~1    Includes  supplementary  material/ 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
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ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
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obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

/ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grfice  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
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Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, '^r  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  pa{»9  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originauiX  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  filmds  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autre  .  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED'),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END  "), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  --►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbola  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  ost  film6  i  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bss,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcess&ire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

mmmmmimmtmm^^ 


P|M«HMIMI««Mia«[ 


HMT, 


MAIQMI 


«) 


r  .1  fi 


'ii  J**  > 


yS 


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mt. 


■y  »jiliiw  m .  II  ■>■  1*  I*  WiM 


9  # 


11 


■a 


OF 


AM)    THE 

NORTH-EASTERN  PROVINCES; 

A  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  an  Indian  Hunter,  Ancient  Traditionr,  rc- 

hxtiiig  to  tlio 

etche:«i]¥  tribe, 

their  modes  of  life,  fishing,  hunting,  dc: 

WITH 

V«€ABUI.ARIES 

IN  THE 


^Ki©  1 


(J.VING    THE    NAMES    OF    THE 

ANIMALS,    BIRDS,    AND    FISH: 


Tlic  most  complete  that  lias  been  given  for  New-England.  ii\  the 

Languages  of  the 

ETCHEMIN    AND    MIC  MACS. 


1  Irge  are  iio-.v  the  only  Indian  Tribi^s  to  the  NonhEast,  llie  former  irthaUitanis 

if  Ncw-Englaiifl,  that  have  presoived  tlieir  1  mgungc  entire,  hoitig  the  oldest 

and  purest  Indian  spoken  in  the  t/istern  StatCF. 

DERIVED   FROM 

BY   A   CITIZEN  OF  xMIDDLETOWN,   CONN. 


■•  •• 


Tliis  Book  is  the  only  work  of  its  kind  to  be  had.  It  cotitaiii.s 
the  Elements  of  the  Indian  Toiguo,  and  much  that  is  uexf  to  the 
reading  public ;  especially  the  names  by  which  the  Red  Men  of 
the  forcHt,  designated  the  natural  objects  before  them. 


MIDDLETOWN,  CONNECTICUT 

CHARLES  H.  TELTON,  PRINTER. 
1851. 

Price  25  Cents. 


\^i 


M 


A\ 


TO  THE  READER. 


It  must  be  .1  matter  of  dtop  regret,  to  every  intelligent  iii'i.'tbitant 
of  New  England,  and  espccuilly  of  Connecticut,  that  so  liitlu  of  tiic 
language,  and  the  names  ol:'  tlie  natural  objects  in  use  by  tlie  abori- 
gines has  been  preserved,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  a  full  vocabidary  of  the 
Mohegan  can  now  be  obtained. 

What  was  once  an  easy  attainment,  was  then  neglected — for  it 
appears  to  us,  to  h;  ve  been  no  very  diiHcult  thing  to  have  made  full 
lists  of  their  names  and  words. 

It  has  been  a  n.  itter  of  regret,  also,  among  the  learned,  that  Presi- 
dent Edwards,  who  wrote  a  small  Essay  on  tlic  Mohegan  Language, 
wliich  was  first  printed  in  17SS,  sJiould  have  contented  himself  with 
giving  so  meagre  an  exposition,  and  so  short  a  list  of  its  words.  Si;ch 
as  it  is,  however,  we  feel  verv  grateful  for  ;  thougli  small,  still  it  ia 
precious,  and  has  been  edited  by  the  late  learned  Mr.  Pickering,  and 
published  in  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Collections,  in  volume  XX 
of  this  admirable  work,  which  reflects  so  much  honor  on  that  distin- 
guished state,  in  tlie  preservation  of  its  historical  papers  and  me- 
moirs. 

The  liberal  patronage  and  favor  which  has  been  bestowed  on  tho 
Indian  Key,  wliich  was  issued  only  last  year,  of  which  five  hundred 
copies  were  printed,  is  now  re-published,  and  some  additional  matter 
given,  vdiich,  it  is  believed,  will  render  it  more  acceptable  to  tho 
general  reader. 

The  writer  would  here  call  the  attention  of  the  candid  reader,  to 
the  sketch  given  of  himself  by  this  son  of  the  forest.  He  is  a  full  blood 
Indian,  and  knows,  and  speaks  the  languages  of  the  North-Eastern 
portions  of  this  country,  with  great  purity.  We  need  hardly  say, 
that  a  knowledge  of  tl-.ese  tongues,  will  be  of  especial  vjilue,  and  of 
very  high  interest  to  the  Antiquarian  and  Philologist.  It  ia  hoped, 
the  sale  of  this  little  unpretending  book,  will  enable  our  Indian  to 
print  a  more  extended  work  from  our  ample  manuscript  mate- 
rials of  the  Etchemin  language. 

J.  B. 

Middletown,  Conn.,  September  18,  1851. 


1 


SKETCH  OF  THE  EIFE  OF 

NICOLA  TENESLES. 


1 


Nicola  Tknesles,  presents  to  the  indulgent  reader  the 
following  brief  eut-Une  of  his  life.  He  is  now  in  the  57th 
year  of  age,  and  speaks  Etchemin,  the  Language  of  his 
Tribe  ;  also  that  of  the  Micmacs. 

His  Grandfather,  Nicola  Hahk  u-mah-bis,  was  a  Mohawk 
War  Chief,  and  anciently  resided  on  the  Connecticut  River. 
He  was  engaged  for  a  limo,  and  fought  some  of  the  battles 
for  the  French;  afterwards  he  assisted  the  English  or  Amer- 
icans. His  father  was  born  in  Canada,  and  succeeded  to  tho 
rank  of  Chief;  he  lived  ths  life  of  a  hunter ;  and  was  married 
to  a  woman  of  the  Etchemin  tribe,  by  whom  ho  had  seven 
children. 

Nicola,  the  subject  of  our  Memoir,  was  taught  to  speak 
the  Etchemin  by  his  mother ;  he  also  learned  to  speak  the 
French  in  Canada.     Says  ho  has  iiow  two  brothers  living. 

He  has  been  twice  married  ;  first  to  a  Micmac  woman, 
with  whom  he  lived  ten  years,  and  with  these  people  about 
eighteen  years.   This  made  him  familiar  with  that  language. 

His  next  wife  was  of  the  Penobscot  tribe,  and  is  still  liv- 
ing ;  and  here  he  is  introduced  to  another  language,  which 
he  learns.  This  wnndenng  life,  and  shifting  from  tribe  to 
tribe,  makes  him  fp.miliar  with  three  Indian  languages.  The 
Penobscot,  however,  lie  says,  is  not  as  familiar  with  him  as 
theothers  named.  Tho  French  he  s'peaks  very  readily,  and 
to  a  familiarity  with  this  polished  langiage,  we  have  been 
enabled  to  cnm])are  his  Indian  languages  better,  in  matters  of 
doubt  and  difiicultv.  He  has  had  but  little  instruction  be- 
sides  the  teaching  from  an  Indian,  and  what  he  has  picked 
up  by  his  own  application. 

The  liCo  of  an  Indian,  who  has  been  mainly  devoted  to 
the  chase  will  bo  rather  tame  to  those  sort  ot'  readers,  who 
had  rather  peruse  thrilling  accounts  of  battles  and  savage 
yells,  for  such  readers  only,  the  peaceful  habits  of  the  Indi- 
an l?unter,  cannot  be  expected  to  have  particular  charms.  A 
full  memoir  of  the  scenes  into  which  his  grandfather  was 


1 


4 

hurled  by  tho  fortunes  of  wjir,  iniglit  hotter  suit  the  tasto  of 
such  readers  ;  and  they  will  hud  enough  of  it  in  the  early  pa- 
ges of  tlio  history  of  \ie  United  States.  The  bloody  scalp, 
and  deadly  TunvliC-^r^  are  not  suited  to  our  tasto  ;  our  ob- 
ject  is  to  preserve  tlu'  words  and  names  of  the  Indians,  that 
once  dwelt  here,  and  snatch  tlieni  from    threatened  oblivion. 

The  iioaeefnl  and  wandering  modo  of  life  of  our  Indian 
l^icola,  anil  esjtocially  his  good  kii()wle(lii;o  of  IncHan  tdugues 
has  made  \\s  desirous  l<>  kii(»\v  moic  of  hishisloiy,  ami  hunt- 
iii;^  advt'nfu'-es  ;  also  with  thu  Indian  names  given  to  tiie 
v.ild  animals  of  the  fo)est,  to  the  bii'ds,  and  to  the  liish,  all 
these  have  been  derived  from  him,  aJid  other  LuHans. 
We  had  made  extensive  vocabularies,  and  availed  oursolf  of 
tlie  j)iinle(l  sources  of  inftMination  ;  but  what  we  give  in  the 
following  pages,  will  be  the  iuunes  deiived  from  Micola, 
and  much  of  this  matter,  it  h  believed,  will  be  new  to 
the  readirig  liublic.  I'ut  let  us  now  return  to  the  Woods 
with  our  "hunter,  who  says  his  father  mostly  liunted  in  Lower 
Canada,  and  brought  him  up  to  tho  chase,  that,  with  his  bow 
and  arrow,  when  a  small  boy,  he  used  to  shoot  the  i)ar- 
tridg03  and  squirrels,  before  he  was  big  enough  to  use  tho 
deadly  riile. 

At  the  ago  of  2G,  he  firat  married  ;  this  was  to  a  young 
woman  of  the  Micmac  Tribe,  and  ho  went  to  live  with  her 
in  their  country.  He  then  supported  his  family  with  IJeaver 
trapping  and  hunting.  He  says  that  in  his  pursuit  of  the 
beaver,  he  traveled  over  100  miles  of  country,  that  they  gen- 
erally go  with  a  companion.  The  implements  needed  were 
tho  snow  shoes,  Ah-ku-muc  (in  Etchemin,)  and  a  sort  of  sled 
they  called  Tah-bah-nos-kook,  or  more  familiarly  To-baugn. 
A  blanket,  a  gun,  and  tum-hegn,  and  about  six  steel  traps, 
this  would  constitute  the  fc.imple  out-fit  of  an  Indian  hunter. 

In  the  fall  of  the  year,  ho  would  be  absent  about  two,  and 
in  the  spring  about  three  months.  IIo  says,  as  a  general  rule, 
two  hunters  would  at  most  take  about  one  hundred  beaver 
skins  on  one  of  these  excursions.  They  cat  the  tlesh  of  bea- 
ver, and  dry  it,  to  carry  to  their  families. 

Their  general  practice  waf^,  Avhen  they  arrived  at  the  fa- 
vorite hunthig  ground,  to  make  a  big  wigwam  to  stay  in, 
and  to  deposit  the  game,  and  other  matters.  Our  Indian  says 
that  in  old  time,  there  was  moose  in  the  Micmac  country  ;  that 
they  all  disappeared,  and  now  he  says,  they  again  make  their 
appearance.  And  further,  he  says,  that  all  the  large  woods 
between  Connecticut  and  Canada,  abounded  witli  mooso  \i\ 
former  times. 


I 


I 


In  ono  excursion  ho  made  after  beaver,  when  about  fifteen 
years  old,  i"  compan);  with  a  hunter,  thoy  took  only  two 
partridges  and  one  rabbit ;  they  almost  perished  with  hun- 
ger.    This  wns  in  the  fall  of  the  year. 

As  an  instance  of  the  precarious  life  of  the  hunter,  ho 
gives  the  fi)llowing  narrative.  "  I  had  gone  to  hunt  on  an 
excursion  for  two  months.  I  was  left  ahtne  by  the  desertion 
of  my  companion.  I  made  good  collections,  that  is  about 
thirty  beaver  skins,  and  some  beaver  meat,  I  had  dried. 
Well,  on  the  breaking  u[)  of  Winter,  I  had  prepared  a  raft 
ready  to  go  down  the  stream  near  by.  On  my  way  down,  n 
large  stick,  or  tree  crosses  the  stream  and  upset  my  raft,  and 
all  is  lost  save  my  tinder-box  and  Tum-hegn.  B^or  three 
days  then  ainking  in  the  deep  wet  snow,  I  w.ade  along  the 
river  with  no  snow  shoes  ;  I  find  great  dilUculty  to  travel, 
and  I  am  destitute  of  food.  I^t  length  reached  the  Arista- 
goosh  River,  and  walk  on  its  banks,  where  they  are  high  and 
rocky.  I  then  see  a  bear  coming  towards  me — I  prepare 
for  him — between  the  rocky  banks  and  water  there  is  onl}' 
a  narrow  pass  ;  here  I  hide  myself  behind  a  rock,  and  wait 
till  the  Bear  comes  up,  and  1  kill  him  with  one  blow  of  my 
Tum-hegn,  which  I  sink  into  his  head.  This  makes  me  a 
great  feast.  I  then  stop  two  days  to  eat  and  feast  on  him. 
His  skin  makes  me  a  good  warm  covering.  The  remainder 
of  the  bear  meat  I  carry  with  me,  to  my  home,  for  my  poor 
family,  waiting  for  the  proceeds  of  the  beaver  hunt,  which 
had  all  been  lost  as  above  related. 


FIISHIIVC}. 


TIk;  Indian  Nicola  T.,  has  had  some  excellent  sport,  as 
well  as  profit  to  his  family  in  fishing  for  Salmon,. in  his  young- 
er days.  This  was  in  the  Merimeshee  River,  and  Aristi- 
goosh.* 

He  says  that  one  of  their  large  fishing  canoes  would  con- 
tahi  one  hundred  of  the  largest  sahnon  ;  and  two  men  be- 
sides. They  take  the  salmon  by  torch-light,  in  the  night 
time,  when  they  use  the  spear.     These  salmon  would  weigh 

*  The  Indians  of  tlic  Etchcmiu  Tribe,  called  the  River  Lustoge- 
cheets.  The  sound  of  tlie  r,  is  not  in  use  in  this  language  Avhon  spo- 
ken in  its  purity.  The  same  name  was  used  in  a  shorter  form,  Lus- 
tukq  and  the  St.  John's  River  was  called  Wullustuk,  which  last  name 
may  be  translated  Heasant  River. 
*i 


o6 

iVom  30  to  40  pounds  oacli,  vory  unlike  the  present  puny 
1  ace,  now  seen  in  our  uuukcts,  anil  luirtlly  worthy  oi"  the 
iiunio. 

Tlicse  t»Moii  times  of  salmon  lishing,  so  j^lowingl^  clescri- 
I  cil  l»y  the  jiged  men,  makes  onn  l(jn<jf  to  witness  such  lino 
j;)()rt,  when  a  full  canoo  loud  conlil  he  taken  with  the  spear 
i!i  one  nigh(,  as  the  Indian  assures  us  ho  used  to  do  ;  {^rand 
I'ihin^this.  Thoro  was  also  an  understanding  or  hy-law 
..nong  the  Indians,  hy  which  they  all  coinmenceil  their  sal- 
mon iishing,  at  the  same  time.  Should  there  bo  any  infrac- 
tion of  this  regulation,  the  oflender  was  punished  by  depri- 
•>  mg  him  of  the  salmon  ho  liad  taken. 

Our  Indian  says  that  the  salmon  was  wild  in  the  day  time, 
i>ut  they  sometimes  took  them  with  the  Harpoon.  The  spear 
they  then  used,  was  from  two  to  three  fathoms  long,  and  had 
iui  iron  spike  in  the  centre,  with  two  spreading  jaws  of  wood 
t  istened  win  a  string,  that  closed,  and  held  the  fish  to  th« 
.^pike  ;  by  which  contrivance,  it  was  easily  and  safely  taken 
into  their  canoe.  The  jaws  of  the  salmon,  spear  or  Negah- 
'iuol,  were  made  of  Rock  Maple.     Acer  Saccharinum. 

The  Indian  names  for  their  fishing  implements  are  as 
:  Hows: —  * 

Negah-quol,  Salmon  Spear,  (or  jaws.) 

Sequahegn,  The  Iron  Spike, 

Negah-quohtuk,  The  pole  (of  spruce,*) 


Negah-quahap, 


The  tying  string, 


We  have  before  us  a  drawing  of  the  salmon  spear,  made 
y  the  Indian,  hut  for  the  want  of  a  wood  cut  it  cannot  be 
•presented  at  this  time. 

*  The  Indian  name  for  the  Spruce  Fir,°  is  Kiih--wah-tuk  ;  tlie  syl- 
:)le  Uik  being  the  abreviated  form  of  Hit-tuk,  tlio  ancient  name  foi 
■  ;e,  anil  figuratively  for  river  or  rapid  stream.     Tlie  modern  IncUan 

1110  fur  tree  in  Apu^,  and   Apiw  seul,  plural.     In   Micmac  Kaui- 

)otz.     In  Etchemin,  for   Pino,  is  Couc    or   Koo,    and  in  Micmai'. 

)oa-wav 


{jfraiul 


'I'lint.  p(Mli<>ii  of  iIm'  pt'iiiiisiila,  ('.\lt'iu!i;i<r  from  St.  JdIim'h 
RivtM-  to  tlio  I'my  of  I'umlay,  \v:i;-<  a  /,'ri>at,  ri'.sort  of  liitd:^, 
I'Spci'iaUy  tlockn  of  jjfecin'.  I'luii-  brt'cuiiijjf  j,'r(niii<l  is  ;,r('iu'r- 
nlly  ill  iii^'h  nititlicni  latiliidi's,  wlioro  they  are  comparativi'Iy 
frot'  from  ihv  intinsivi- visits  of  busy  man. 

So  soon  as  tluii'  young  arc  Kutiic'i(.'ntly  fit'(I<,'otI,  tlioy  tinri 
Bouthwartl,  and  comk'  Ity  easy  stai^os  witli  tho  younjif  broods 
to  i'i'vd  on  this  peninsula  and  its  i.»lands  ;  and  licro  tlu'y  abide 
until  near  t!ie  a|ij)roacIi  of  winter,  when  tliey  nii<,'rate  to  tho 
south.  In  tlie  mean  lime,  the  iiunter  is  vi-ry  ph'asaiitly  or- 
cupied  witli  tho  Hociis,  and  makes  larijo  appropriations  for 
his  family  and  to  barter  for  good.-?  with  the  pale  faees. 

The  moyt  productive  birds  'o  tho  hunter,  among  the  .Mic- 
marg,  where  our  Indian  passed  the  former  part  of  his  life, 
are  tho  wild  goose,  the  brant,  black  duck,  and  .sea  ducks. 

Tho  forests,  also,  abound  w  ilh  partridges,  and  rabbits  ; 
these  last  are  clothed  with  white  fur  in  winter,  and  gray  in 
Bununer.  They  I'ave  also  some  ft)xc3;  the  red,  gray,  and 
oven  the  black  fox,  is  found  there.  This  last,  however,  is 
ver\'  scarce.  The  skin  of  tho  black  fox,  has  );een  sold  for 
one  huiulreti  dollars,  being  veiy  highly  prized. 

NOTE. 

Tho  wild  go<i.«c,  Ans>r  ('onadmi^,  is  anxiously  looked  for  in  tlie 
ilcsolatu  fur  coiiutriL's  of  irutlson's  I'ay,  by  the  ubori^'incs,  wlio  dt;- 
pcuil  for  sub.^istciii'o  uiaiiily  on  it,  durinL:;  tho  suninKT.  'I'lm  binis 
after  arriving-  at  HmL-on's  15ay,  tlisjicr-se  in  pairs,  to  l;i-ccd  lootAVcen 
tho  rjC  und  07'-  parallels.  Tliey  aro  seldom  seen  on  tlu;  coust  of 
tho  Arctic  mm.  Mr.  Audubon  fouml  tliciii  brcodinij  on  tlio  const  of 
Labrador.  Sec  an  cxcollent  account  of  tliis  bird  in  the  Ornitliol(j"v 
i)i},h:  Xuitall,  vol.  2,  p.  149. 


I\DIA.\  TRA1l>ITIO.\S  A!TIO:V<;}  TlBi: 

i-:TcsaE?ii:vs. 

The  Indian  relates,  tliat  tho  aged  poo|.lo  of  his  tiibo,  Irne 
many  curious  tradilions  and  wild  fables,  as  may  be  expecteil 
among  a  [ingan  peoj'ie.  The  beginning  of  these  narratives, 
he  is  now  unable  to  j^ive.  Tliere  is  much,  however,  relating 
to  KjUosk-ahp,  (this  name  maybe  translated  tho  lying  man,) 
and  to  Chc-ku-nuks,  or  the  Turtle.  We  purpose  to  make  a 
few  selections  only,  from  what  the  Indian  has  related  to  us. 
This  being  intended  to  exhibit  the  Indian  as  he  is.     It  may 


V 


8 


Horve,  also,  to  show  tho  darkness  of  the  human  mind,  that 
has  never  been  illuminated  by  the  word  of  God. 

This  Kullos-kahp  is  regarded  by  nis  people  with  high  ad- 
miration. There  is,  al*:o,  Chee-ku  nuks,  who  is  the  uncle  to 
Kulloskahp  :  the  former  it  seems,  lived  alone,  and  was  un- 
iuarrifd,  though  it  appears  the  most  notable  of  the  young 
squaws,  felt  desirous  to  confer  conjugal  happiness  on  him. 
He,  therefore,  divoits  himself  at  a  wedding  party  in  a  singu* 
lar  manner,  as  follows :  Muh-gah-lcep,  (tho  Cariboo)  has 
two  fine  daughters,  that  were  very  desirous  to  relieve  tho 
lonesome  swain  Kullos-kahp,  from  his  state  of  single  bless- 
edness ;  but  Kullos-kahp  had  other  scliemos.  He  therefore, 
desires  the  Turtle  to  marry  one  of  these  fine  girls,  and  even 
lends  him  '-is  clothes  that  he  may  personate  him.  and  be  sure 
of  success.  The  Turtle  tiien  goes  to  visit  the  maidens  and 
passes  himself  for  Kullos-kai-p  !  After  being  duly  ushered 
to  the  family,  tlie  old  squaw  privately  instructs  one  of  her 
daughters  to  make  ready  the  bridal  bed  for  the  expected  hus- 
band. The  events  that  follow,  furnish  much  of  tljo  Indian 
talk  and  gossip  of  the  evening  among  these  people,  such  as 
may  he  expected  among  a  people  who  have  no  literature, 
no  histoj'ical  annals,  and  only  tho  confused  traditions  of  a 
few  generations. 

The  next  adventure  is,  ^Jiey  all  go  moose  hunting :  but 
here  Chee-ku-nuks,  the  Turtle  cannot  run  or  ko'^o  up  with 
them,  and  is  therefore,  carried  on  the  sled  or  Tabougn.  On 
their  way  ho  fell  ofl^,  and  is  left.  He  recollects,  however, 
that  his  nephew,  KuUos  kahp  is  behind,  and  lights  his  long 
handled  Indian  pipe,  and  when  he  sees  him  coming,  hands  it 
to  him  to  smoke  ;  but  the  wiley  Kullos-kaph  when  he  came 
up  says,  my  uncle  must  have  been  troubled  with  this  branch 
or  stick  that  reaches  over  our  path,  and  therefore  he  lops  it 
off  (the  pipe,)  with  his  Tumhegn. 

The  Turtle  thus  forlorn  and  in  distress,  soon  discovers  a 
way  to  gain  upon  his  hunting  companions.  He  presently 
goes  to  the  river,  and  glides  along  at  the  bottom,  and  is  the 
first  to  reach  the  hunting  ground,  and  kills  the  first  moose, 
dresses  it  and  has  the  wigwam  ready  before  the  party  ar- 
rives, and  liad  even  refreshed  himself  before  the  hunters 
came.  He  awakes  then  and  says  tauntingly  to  young 
Muh  gah-lee|),  "you  run  very  fasti"  When  the  hunting 
party  is  satisfi^-d  and  all  ready,  the  game  is  put  into  the  Ta^ 


0 


SlllgU- 


bougn,  and  all  return  with  the  moose  meat ;  with  this  they 
make  a  grand  feast.  The  Indian  fashion  being  to  make  a 
hunt  after  the  wedding ;  and  as  the  Turtle  could  not  do  this 
hinis(  If,  it  is  brought  about  by  the  invisible  agency  of  Kul- 
lus-kalip,  in  the  manner  just  related. 

The  next  feat  of  Kullos-kahp,  is  thus  arranged.  IIo  ad- 
vises his  uncle,  the  Turtle,  to  go  fishing,  to  a  place  do'-ig- 
nated  where  there  was  a  net,  and  whore  he  used  to  vi  ■  to 
fish  at  times  ;  so  without  delay  tlie  Turtle  starts  \\\.  .  tlie 
Rock  Canoe  of  Kullos-kahp,  and  hero  he  captures  a  large 
fish,  which  jiroves  to  be  a  whale,  (l'ootaj)e,)  which  he  brings 
to  tne  sliore  with  the  stone  eaiioe  ;  atna/.ed  with  the  success 
of  his  fishing,  he  goes  then  to  Kullos-kalip,  and  eiKiuires 
how  he  is  to  c;.;ry  so  huge  an  afi'air  ^  why  cany  iiiin  on 
your  shoulder,  to  the  wig- warn  ot'yoin*  Father-in-law  ;  which 
he  attempts;  but  on  the  way  bel'urc  he  reaches  the  place  is 
overwhelmed,  Mith  the  huge  load  intended  as  a  pie.seiit  to 
Muh-gahdeep,  his  wife's  father. 

When  the  prize  is  discovered,  Mah-gah-leep,  iuvires  all 
bis  friends  to  come,  and  help  hiui  to  secure  and  cut  up  the 
Whale,  supposing  that  the  Turtle  had  now  jx^'i  lied  in  his 
perilous  undertaking.  After  nuich  feasting  and  cutting  up  of 
the  Whale,  at  length  beneath  it  found  their  Cliee-ku-iiuks 
or  the  Turtle  dead,  and  partly  devoured  with  maggots.  Kuilof 
kaph  then  goes  to  him,  gave  him  a  kick,  and  tells  him  ho 
ought  not  to  sleep  so  long.  The  reply  of  the  Turtle  is,  sure 
enough ;  I  have  slept  late  here  ! 

Now  the  scene  changes  a  little,  and  we  come  to  some  of 
the  sequences  of  the  married  life.  It  seems  the  wife  of  the 
Turtle  bears  him  a  son  in  due  time,  and  the  pappoos,  is  inc(  s;| 
santly  crying.  This  new  kind  of  music,  causes  much  trouble 
to  the  Turtle,  and  he  goes  1  )r  advice  and  consolation  to 
Kullos  kahp.  I  do  not  know  what  is  the  matter  v.ith  your 
little  cousin,  he  cries  so  mucli.  What  noise  does  he  make  ^ 
enquires  Kallosd<ahp.  Why,  says  the  Turtle,  he  cries,  u-a/i, 
U'oh,  vah.  Don't  you  know  what  the  child  says  ?  what  ho 
wants?  It  is  egg,  egg,  egg.  (The  Indian  wo'd  for  egg,  ia 
wall.) 

Well,  now  how  am  I  now  to  get  eggs  ?  To  this  enquiry, 
Kullos-kahp  says,  do  you  not  remember  wh-^re  we  used  to 
collect  eggs.  He  then  directs  Chee-ku-nuks  to  go  behind 
certain  roclis,  with  his  empty  Tobagn,  (sleigh,)  and  there 
miraculously,  Turtle  like,  himself  lays  a  load  of  eggs,  and 
brings  them  home.    This  causes  another  feast  of  eggs, 


10 

When  the  party  is  assenil  led  to  enjoy  the  feast,  KuUos- 
kaph  makes  hi>5  appearance  among  the  guests.  Then  he 
takes  an  egg  and  begins  to  strike  it  with  his  finger,  with  a 
sort  of  fillup.  This  the  Turtle  feels  most  keenly,  and  ''n* 
stantly  shrinks,  and  exclaims,  why  do  you  do  so !  why  don't 
you  eat  up  your  egg,  and  done  with  it  ?  This  was  done 
twice,  to  annoy  the  Turtle  and  make  him  feel  his  power. 

These  surprising  feats  of  Kullos-kahp,  cause  the  greatest 
astonishment  among  the  Indians,  then  envy  creeps  in  and 
they  would  gladly  kill  Kullos-kahp,  to  get  rid  of  an  individu- 
al who  can  work  such  miracles. 

Afterwards  the  Indians  set  their  wits  to  work  to  destroy 
Kullos-kahp  ;  and  Chee-ku-nuks,  or  the  Turtle,  has  the  bar- 
dihood  to  make  the  attempt,  whicl'  he  sets  about  in  the  fol- 
lowing mannor: — He   proposes  to  Kullos-kahp  to  make  a 
voyage  in  his  stone  canoe,  to  a  well  known  distant  ledge  of 
rocks  surrounded  by   the  sea.     There  they  go,  and   while 
Kullos-kahp  is  leisurly  walking  about  on  the  desolate  rocks, 
the  Turtle  takes  away  the  stone  canoe,  and  leaves  him  as  he 
supposes  there  to   perish.     On   discovering  this  treachery, 
Kullos-kahp  mounts  on  a   whale  which  brings  him  ashore. 
When  he  reaches  the  shore  he  hears  the  sound  of  mirth  and 
dancing.     This  was  to  celebrate  the  destruction  of  Kullos- 
kahp.     When  he  finds  this  state  of  feeb'ng  raised  against 
him,  he  resolves  to  be  revenged,  which  he  does  in  this  man- 
ner.    He  puts  on  the  disguise   of  an  old  tquaw,  and  when 
about  to  enter  the  wigwam,  he  finds  two  toads  placed  as 
sentries  on  each  side  thf  door,     He  asks  the   cause  of  this 
rejoicing:  the  first  toad  feels  indignant  at  tho  supposed  old 
squaw's  question,  and  is  puffed  up  with  pride  and  haughti- 
ness in^stead  of  giving  a   civil  reply.     Then  Kullos-kaph  in- 
stantly seizes  the  first  and  screws  oft'  the  nose  of  this  toady, 
then  he  turns  to  the  other  which  he  sei  ves  in  the  same  un- 
cerimonious  manner.     Since  that  time,  the  Indians  say,  tho 
toad  has  never  had  a  nose  on  his  liicc. 

The  next  thing  is  to  find  Chee-ku-nuks  and  punish  him 
for  his  baseness,  ingratitude  and  treachery  to  him.  Dis- 
guised, therefore,  as  an  old  squaw,  he  enters  the  tent,  and 
looks  round  and  finds  Clief-ku-nuks  bending  forward  in  the 
dance  He  iteps  behind  him,  and  with  his  knife,  lets  out  his 
entrails,  by  a  dexterous  circular  cut,  and  immediatly  hands 
tlie  protruded  bowels  to  a  dog,  which  he  drags  away. 


\ 


11 


st,  KuUos- 
Then  he 
er,  -,vith  a 
and  fn- 
why  don't 
was  done 
power, 
e  greatest 
leps  in  and 
n  individu* 


Immediately  the  rest  of  the  dogs  fall  to  and  have  a  fight 
for  this  morsel.  Then  Chee-ku-nuks  finding  himself  so  dan- 
gerously wounded,  cries  out,  it  is  me,  it  is  I  that  am  hurt. 
For  at  first,  benumbed  in  ♦he  dance,  in  the  eagerness  of  his 
savage  joy,  he  hud  not  discovered  the  source  of  the  mischief, 
and  that  himself  was  the  victim,  and  was  at  last  punished  for 
his  treachery,  in  conspiring  the  death  of  the  wonder  work- 
ing Kul!ob-kaph. 

\ 


to  destroy 
as  the  bar- 

in  the  fol- 
to  make  a 
it  ledge  of 
and  while 
)late  rocks, 
)  him  as  he 

treachery, 
lim  ashore. 

mirth  and 

of  KuUoB* 
led  against 
n  this  man- 

and  when 
\  placed  as 
use  of  this 
ipposed  old 
id  haughti- 
os-kaph  in- 
this  toady, 
0  same  un- 
ns  say,  tha 

tunish  him 
fiiin.  Difl- 
e  tent,  and 
vard  in  tlie 
lets  out  his 
atly  hands 
■ay.  < 
I 


NAMES  FOR  THE  ANIMALS  IN  INDIAN. 


ENGLISH.  ETCHEMIN.  MICMAO. 

Animal,  Waysis — Singular,  Wisis. 

Animals,  Way-sesuc — Plural         Wisisk. 

Moose  (Cervus  Alces,)  Moos,  Teahm, 

Cervus  tarandus-X.i/«n.  Mah-gah-leep,     Kahlepoo, 
or  Cariboo. 
Bear, 
a  he  Bear, 
a  she  Bear, 
Deer, 

Wolf,        r 

Wildcat, 
Rooseve,  ? 
Fox, 
black. 


Muc-kah-leep, 
Mooen, 
Nah-besq, 
Noosesq, 
Attuck, 
Mai  sum, 
I'ussough, 
Ape-quo-segn, 
Quock-  sus, 


Moo  wen, 

Nah-besk, 

Noose  squ, 

Luntuk, 

Pahktussuin, 

Uu-koquets. 

Abokesegti, 

Woqui?. 


-red, 
-gray, 


Squirrel — red, 

black, 

gray, 

striped, 

flying, 

Rabbit, 

Porcupine — Hys- 
trix  don  W, 


Meksvva-ete-quock  Mahtawke-woquiis. 

sus, 
Maquaete-quocksus,  Megwake-woquis. 
Wenhoget-quocksus  Aynugut-woquis. 


Me-koo, 

Mekasay-waycte- 

mekoo, 
Wenhoget, 
Ah-sah-gwahk, 
Sex-kahtoo, 
Mah-tu-gwes, 

Mah-tu-wes 


Megwake-atoo-too- 

wetz, 
Mah-tay-wauk, 

Ay-noo-get. 
Ah-mal-pahk-matz. 
Sahx-kahtoo. 
Ah-pul-lee-ku-rautz. 

Mah-tu-wes. 


\ 


12 


ENGLISH. 

ETCHEMIN. 

MICMAC.      \           1 

Woodchuck, 

Moonecm-ques 

li          m 
Munum-quetz,        -          ~ 

Raccoon, 

Espuntz, 

Ah-niahl-chu.wetz, 

Skunk, 

Ah.pe-ecchee-loo, 

Abig-cheelo. 

Sable, 

Ne-mouks-wes, 

Ah-bces-tah-naootz. 

Fisher, 

Pakumgk, 

Op-onikq, 

Beaver, 

Quah-bete, 

Ko-pete,                 1 

Otter, 

Kewneek, 

Key-o-nik.             / 

Mink, 

Cheah-kes, 

Cheah-kaotz.        • 

Wcasle, 

Suh-gwes, 

■ 

Muskrat, 

Kew-us, 

Key-wesso. 

Rat,  (big  mouse 

,)   Chee-tukis, 

Meskilk-abigcheets.          \ 

Mouse, 

Tuk-kis. 

Abigcheets,                       i 

White  Bear, 

Wahpa-ete-mooen 

Indian  Dog, 

Lunsuni. 

Lunt-sum,                         ; 

European  Dog; 

Alamoos. 

Alamooch.                        1 

Bitch, 

Squessum. 

Squessum. 

a  Fawn, 

Attooksis, 

Luntuck-cheetz.; 

a  Buck, 

Eyahp. 

Eyahp.              .f 

a  Doe, 

El. 

U  gwatuk.        .'*                1 

^                  1 

Paris  of  anhnalu, 

c£-c. 

Deer's  horns, 

Sum-wuck. 

0-sumook.                       i' 

Deer's  hoot's. 

Wuck-kusse. 

1 

a  Bear's  skin. 

Unsquaoo, 

Mooeni.    <                        I 

a  Bear's  claws, 

Moocn  wucasse, 

Mooin-o-qnasse. 
Quah-peta-wahoo.            .[ 

the  Tail  of  an  animalQuah-pctawhl, 

a  Beaver  skin, 

Mut-tah-ah, 

Um-ti 

Sinew  of  an  animal,Tuna-an, 

, 

Dung,  (animal) 

Meets-kun, 

Mechanel,  (^Wysis)           | 

Urine, 

Skee  wun. 

1 

Milk, 

Mullax, 

Mullaguts.      •                  ? 

Fat, 

Wick, 

Wicow.          (                   ; 

Bear's  grease. 

Skeepum, 

Mooenome.                      | 

Intestines, 

Pekway-jelah, 

Belly, 

Wut, 

,f 

H  Rib, 

Peka-wegan, 

Pegfih-kim.              f 

Marrow, 

Ween, 

Ween.                      * 

all  kinds  of  Fur, 

Paesweek, 

Hair, 

Peaseswul, 

i    i 

13 


Iwetz, 

liaootz. 
/ 

r 
\ 


ir 

J 


6-- 


\ 

ENGLISH. 
Kngle, 

white  headed, 

Hawk, 

i'ish-IIawk, 

Swan, 

Wild-Goose, 

White  Goose,(wild) 

Heron, 

Loon, 

Small  Loon, 

Brant, 

Sea  Duck, 

a  Dnck, 

Black  Duck, 

a  Turkey, 

Turkeys, 

Water  Hen, 

Robin, 

Wip-poor-will, 

Cat  Bird, 

Black  Bird, 

Blue  Jay, 

Pigeon,    . 

Crow,     y 

Snipe,     ^ 

Snow-Owl, 

CI  re  at  Owl, 
Little  Owl, 
Owl, 

Sea-Gull, 
('anada  Jay  or  ) 
Mods  Bird,         j 
King-Fisher, 
Swallow, 
Woodpecker, 
■  "-redheaded. 
Humming  Bird, 
Yellow  Bird, 


H 


BIRDS. 

ETCIIEMIN.  MICMAC> 

I'hcop-LabgU;,  Kcct-apoO', 

Wo[)Sokcs,  ^Vah-bat  kcet-poo, 

Wah-liawihaw,      Mah-ta-wale-keet-poo 
Chccp-choop-wagut, 
Wiskum  agvvasuk, 
Wah-bee, 
See-nuniq, 
Tah-gulcets, 
Tum-quahl-hegn-nuts, 
Que-moo, 
Mah-gweis, 
Mah-goola-weets.     Ma-ta-wall-keet-poo 
Mutuayseen,  Cheekuh -moo-yets. 

Seips,  Se-seip. 

Mut-to-seem,  Ap-cheetz-qu-mutz. 

Nah-mh — NapmnehAp-tah-ke-keetajeet 


is-niay-gwcs, 


Wap-tukq 
Wah-be-geeluk, 
Cahsq-uh, 
Uc  queen, 
Mah-gwees, 


Nehmeyuk 

Noo-kumnus, 

Am-que  buses, 

Wip-o-lus, 

Kop-Kahmus, 

Chuck-alusq, 

Te-deus, 

Pu-les, 

Kah-kah-gose, 


Ah-put-tah  he-cheet 

We-ootz-metz. 

Keep  chow- we tz. 

Wip-polee. 

Kope-quetz. 

Poo-qut-lees-keets, 

Tedeus. 

Pu-lase. 

Kah-kah  kotes. 


Che-che-we-gahtis,  Cheets-we-gah-tetz. 


Wahpe-koo-koo- 

kahs,  I 

Te-tugul, 
Kahp-kahmus, 
Koo-koo-kah, 
Ke-ah-qh, 
Om-kunew-sus, 

Kah-skumnus, 

Paytah-geesscs, 

Ah-bah-kuses, 

Om-quat-pat, 

Ah-lah-mus-seet, 

Wesah-weasis, 

2 


Koo-koo-ges. 

Te-tug-aleo. 
Kopquetz. 
Koo-koo-ges. 
Kal-lagn-de-etz. 


Chick-tle-geie. 

Pooh-gah-les, 

Un-tow-wesk' 

On-tow-esgk. 

Me-Ie-tow. 


X. 


14 


ENGLISH. 


Unio, 

Butcher  Bird, 
Cedar  Bird, 
Yellow-bellied   ) 
woodpecker,  f 
Hairy  Woodpecker,  Ali-!)uli-ques, 
Mottled  Owl.  're-te-i?ul. 

Bat,  Puckadah-tamus, 


ETCHEMIN. 
Tooahlosq, 
Ooahsis, 
M'l_;--qiie-mos-  } 

in;ili-set,        ( 
Pali-gwutqna-ah 


f 
MIOMAC,         ■ 


Pertaining  to  Birds. 


A    Bird's    Nest, 

Wasus. 

if 

i 

FISH. 

V 

( 

Na-match,          k 
Namachuc,         V 

A  Fish, 

N'Mays, 

Fishes, 

N'Maysuc, 

Net, 

Hap, 

Hahpee 

Line, 

Ah-pahpusses, 

Ne-goqual,  (spear, 

a  Whale 

Pootape, 

Pootup, 

a  Shark, 

Sahpe-demake, 

Sabbede-mequ. 

a  Sturgeon, 

Pah-sukus, 

Kom-ku-tah-mok. 

Dog-Fsh, 

Segulate, 

Se  ku-lah-te. 

Porpoise, 

Moospes, 

Muck-pates. 

Haddock, 

Pim-squaw-pa-ke- 

1  Put-home-kunetz. 

ke-mus. 

Holbert, 

Sah-nah-qu, 

Um-sahnokq. 

Codfish, 

Nooku-maquo, 

Pay-joo, 

Pollock, 

Pascatum, 

Pestum. 

Salmon, 

Pul-ahm, 

Pul-lah-moo. 

Trout,      . 

Scotum, 

Attuk-quah-suh. 

Shad, 

Umsahm, 

Um-sahmoo. 

Alewife, 

Segun-nu-make, 

Segun-nu-mokq. 

Herring, 

Pete-quok-segeke 

Nu-may-jeetz. 

Sucker, 

Ke-kum-quk, 

Kom-quetz. 

Eel, 

Kaht, 

Kaht. 

Whitefish, 

Wahpe-N'Mays, 

Pnopsques. 

Blackfish, 

Muga-say-NMays 

,   Mak-lay-wakenun 

Bass, 

Muhgahk, 

Chee-gow. 

Perch, 

A  htsab-qu  ahlusk 

Ah-chokollo>wet7; 

White  Perch, 

Pokakagun, 

i 

a  Pickerel, 

Quon-noos 

\ 
{ 

f' 


15 


} 


\       BNGLISH. 

ETCHEMIN. 

Parts  pertaining  to 

Spawn, 

Sah-qah-wahn, 

Fins, 

Ooah-qunusal, 

a  Scale. 

Wullahk, 

Scales, 

WuUakeil, 

Gills, 

Wuskegul, 

Skin, 

Muttagii, 

Bones, 

Skun-neos, 

Teeth, 

Webeet, 

MICMAC. 
Fish. 
Nee-jintz. 
Otah-guuel. 
Pe-we-gos. 
Pcwegesk." 
Musutoqn. 
Mu-kagun. 
Wah-kun-dow. 
We-peet. 


V 


; 


\ 


KEY 


TO   THE 


II^DIAN    tAI^GlIACJE 


OF 


Jfeixi-^nglaui. 


CONVERSATIONS  IN  ETCHEMIN. 


ETCHEMIN. 

Tahn  klaj'een, 

Nolay,   . 

Netop  skoowe  yute, 

Tahn  wekean, 

Tahn  noklaen  ncesweak, 

Tahn  klayeen  kommetoukc.^, 

Kuppaync  mum, 

Tahn  elle  aihn  keel., 

Yuta  yeen, 

Kusahah  netop, 

Ozin, 

Appeen, 

WullewuQ, 

Oakejee  nohahtu, 

Conus  toll  paaahq, 

Nooesakt, 

Mahts  suhah  neguk, 

KulluitGezook, 

"Wullaa-gwew, 


ENGLISH. 

How  do  you  do. 

Very  well. 

Friend  come  here. 

Where   do  you  dwelL 

How  is  your  wife. 

How  is  your   Father. 

How  is  your  Sister. 

Where  go  you. 

Stay  here. 

Come  in,  Friend. 

Warm  yo. 

Sit  you  down. 

I  thank  you. 

Speak  Indian. 

Do  yon  understand  me. 

I  am  in  baste. 

I  must  go  home. 

Good  day. 

Good  mght. 


*^ 


16 


ETOHEMIN 

ENGLISH. 

SEASONS. 

Segwun, 

Spring; 

Nebun, 

Summer. 

Tuwag-wu, 

Autumn. 

Poae"W, 

Winter. 

TIME. 

Pemkoeskok, 

A  day. 

Nuktahclieeay, 

An  hour. 

^ 

Meunet, 

A  minute. 

Nukt-suuta, 

One  week. 

{ 

N"(M3S-8UUta, 

Tvo  weeks. 

Pesque  Keezous, 
Abanseegeton, 

One  month. 

\ 

^ 

Half  a  year. 

NVjL^it  cbee^ton, 

One  year. 

4 

CARDINAL  NUMBERS. 

4 

\ 

N'quit, 

One, 

Talipo, 

Two. 

Seest 

Tlirec. 

Naliyoo, 

Four. 

1 

Kolui. 

Five. 

Kalimacliin. 

Six, 

Elwegauuk, 

Seven. 

• 

Oglcmulcliiii, 

Eight. 

Esqaanalit.ike, 

Nine.           f^^ 
Ten.             ( 
Eleven.       ' 

UuituUan, 

Koo  daLiikoo, 

Ne  aaliiikoo, 

Twe'vo.       S 
Thirteen,      ( 

Un  sahn  koo, 

Nay  wahn  koo, 

Fourteen, 

< 

Nah  nalin  koo, 

Fifteen, 

Kah  mall  chin  ka  sahn  koo, 

Sixteen, 

*. 

EI  wegunuc  ka  isalin  koo, 

Seventeen, 

* 

Oge  mulchin  ka  sahn  koo, 

Eighteen, 

Esqu  nah  tak  ka  sahn  koo, 

Nineteen^ 

1 

Ne  siijsk, 

Twenty. 

Un  sinsk. 

Tliirty. 

> 

Nah  winsk, 

Forty, 

> 

V 

Na  ninsk, 

Fifty, 

V 

Conaah  chin  ka  sinsk, 

Sixty, 

El  we  gu  nuc  ka  sinsk, 

Seventy, 

Ogu  mul  chin  ka  sinsk, 

Eighty; 

Es  qu  nah  take  ka  sinsk, 

Ninety, 

Unkutahtquli, 

One  Hundred 

, 

Quodaluu  quahk. 

One  Thousand. 

( 


A 


17 


ETCIIEMTN'.  ENGLLSir. 

ORDINAL  NUMBERS. 


Omfiqnai?, 

Nce-sa-wa, 

Noo-wawa, 

Nay-wa-wa, 

Nah-na  wa, 

Kom-a-chinka-sa-wa, 

Ulweganucka-sa-wa, 

Oogu-mul  chinka-sa  wa, 

Eaqu-nah-take-ka-sa-wa, 

Ku-dinak-ska-ga-wa, 

Nesints-keg-a-wa, 

Kut-tahqtu-ka-3a  wa. 

N'metahks, 
Nekwoos, 

N'seWess, 

Phanemum, 

N'quss, 

N'tose, 

Tuahsecsum, 

Ne-8Weah, 

"We-Ncxum, 

Sewesul, 

Paun-momul, 

Wecke  wus-sul, 

Neel  tay, 

Tubeltumn, 

Ouskejin, 

Skctop, 

Apect, 

SkenosTB, 

Nox, 

Noxsqueak. 

Wahsees, 

Vrahsesiik, 

\     • 
Wahpa, 
Mackusayway, 
Maquacko> 
Musqueu-te-jek, 
Qua  htugenab-kut, 
We-  say  -  way -eke, 
Eb  keepe-gwut-takci 
"Wenhoget, 


First. 

SccoikJ. 

Third. 

Fourth. 

Fifth. 

Sixth. 

Seventh. 

Eighth. 

Ninth. 

Tenth. 

Twentieth. 

Hundredth. 


RELATIONSHIP,  d-c. 


My  Father. 
My  Mother, 
My  Brother. 
My  oister. 
My  Son. 
My  Daughter. 
My  Child. 
My  Husband. 
My  Wife. 

H'i3  Brother. 

His    Sister, 

His  Mother 

Myself, 

My  Own, 

Indian. 

Man. 

Married  WomM 

Bor, 

Gi?l, 

Girls. 

Child. 

Cliildren. 


COLOURS. 


White. 

Black. 

Red. 

Blue. 

Purple. 

Yellow. 

Green. 

Grar. 


18 


PARTS    or    THE    HUMAN    BODY. 


ENGLISH. 

Hciid,  (my,) 

Hair,  {lay,) 

Face,    (hirt,) 

tho  Ear, 

Eyes, 

Scalp, 

Nose, 

Mouth  and  lipp,  (liis,) 

Touf^uc, 

Tooth, 

Teeth, 

Beard,  (ray,) 

Neck,  (my,) 

Arm,  (my,) 

ShouUler, 

Back, 

Hand,  (my,) 

First   Fiuger, 
"ii'lngera, 

>  ails, 
iJreast, 

i'ody, 

1  reaat,  (female,) 

'  ipple, 

r  avel, 
high,  (his,) 
nee, 

■i  Koot. 

H  Toe, 

1  teel, 

Viikle, 

Bone, 

Heart, 

Liver, 

Windpipt\, 

Stomach, 
•ladder, 

Blood, 

/ein, 

.iinew, 

I'leeh. 

ilkin, 

Marrow, 

iirain, 

/■-orta 

I  ungs 

Kidney, 

Kidneys, 

Lawnrde,  cr  viscera, 


ETOIIHMIN. 

Na-nenliyii, 

Bc-yes-ao-raul, 

Seeauc, 

Chahlugug, 

Sees-kul — dee  kul, 

Wukaqu, 

Meton, 

Ootun, 

Mcel-ul, 

Ne-bit, 

Ne-petl, 

Neet  wul, 

Dupskoke, 

Peh-tin, 

Telmahgun, 

Pah  kahm, 

Petin, 

Un-telTTeg-niltz, 

Tlwegtt-cheeul, 

Muck-kus  Resue, 

Me-gee-gun, 

Unhuck, 

Um-noo-eahgn, 

Wun-neah-gu-nesis, 

Weelus, 

Me-Tvequ, 

Un-knt-qu, 

TJm-seet, 

Um-qut-ka-sect, 

Muk  wun, 

KuUa  hegn, 

Ske  neea, 

M  us  ban, 

Squ-um, 

Qut-ah-giin-ahp, 

Wcnah-sac 

Wopusq, 

Puhgah-kn, 

Um-chah- cheese, 

Tun-wah-nul, 

"Wey-ous, 

Mud-aygn, 

Ween, 

Wee-leet-pahn, 

Wea-geet, 

Wuppunuk, 

Po-keel-wabii, 

Po  keel-wah-nuc, 

Moo-chin, 


MIC  MAC. 


Wun-ojee, 
O  sah-punal, 
Osees-kuk 
Set-wagn. 
Pukegwul. 

Sisqu  ui*. 

Ootun. 

Wcelnoo,  (hia.)  j 

Ne-beot.  .r 

We-peetl.  i 

Nee-tool. 

Toel--wahgn. 

PetuDi 

Telmahgn. 

Pakham  ^ 

Petn-tlgnal. 

T'hv.;gn. 

T'lv/egnul. 

O'quaee.  < 

Puaqu-UQv 

Otenin, 

Mula-gechach. 

Mullah'gft-jam. 

Wel-ee. 

Walug-wun.   '' 

Chegun. 

Okaht. 

Mu'gah-kuchawaj 

Oqu-un. 

\VuUu3  qu  hogn. 

Wah  gun-tou. 

Kumlahmn. 

O'squ-un. 

Seetun.abbtf 

We-nia-hi.  * 

O'pisque.  f 

Maldow,  ^ 

Meechaguts. 

Tin-wahnul.      «, 

We  us.  ^y 

Muk-agn. 

Ween. 

0-tup. 

We-goet. 

Opunkqu. 

Pogul-wun. 

Pokul-wunk. 

Mechahn. 


/ 


19 

HOMINEV, 

The  name  for  hrohen  and  boiled  Maize  or  Indian  Corn. 

This  word  is  now  in  general  use  in  the  northern  parts  ot" 
this  country.  I  have  seen  no  attempt  at  exDlanalioii.  It  id 
derived  from  Tuckun)ah,  to  strike,  and  min  or  muen,  the  berrv 
or  maize.  Min,  however,  is  a  general  term  for  berry.  Half 
the  verb  is  united  with  the  noun  for  berry  to  make  ckum-mono 
or  kurn-mine — tbe beaten  berry ;  corrupted  into  Homimcy,  by 
aspirating  the  first  letter,  substituting  Horn  for  the  Indian 
chum,  and  supplying  iney  for  mene. 

Words  of  pure  Indian  origin  are  surely  as  worthy  a  place 
in  our  Lexicons,  as  if  derived  from  the  Greek  or  Arabic  Ian* 
guages. 


^     TUMEHEGN,  AN  INDIAN  HATCHET. 

The  Indian  remarks  on  this  word,  that  the  Americans 
speak  it  wrong,  "  Tom-my-Hawk."  It  is  not  so,  "  Indian 
says  Tume.hegn,"  the  e  being  short,  and  scarcely  sounded, 
with  the  short  sound  of  a,  and  the  h  lias  a  full  aspirate,  as 
hee  The  gn  is  sounded  short. 

This  word  is  compounded  of  the  Indian  verb,  Tume-ta 
niun,  to  cut,  and  the  noun  Ilegun^  a  sharp  cutting  instrument, 
which  is  also  in  many  words  synonomous  witli  engine  or 
machine,  is  of  very  extensive  application  in  the  Indian  of 
New-England,  as  ourvocal)ulary  will  siiow.  In  compounding' 
this  word,  half  the  verb  is  clipped  oil',  and  joined  with  the 
noun  being  a  very  elegant  mode  of  niiiking  words;  and  how- 
ever short  the  original  word  is  thus  rendered  in  composition, 
it  is  invested  with  the  full  force  of  the  original.  In  the  com- 
position of  this  word,  the  pronouns  are  added,  as  in  the 
following  example,  which  is  declined  like  a  verb.  The  pre- 
sent and  past  time,  and  the  plural  terminations  are  given,  al- 
though this  is  not  the  best  word  to  exhibit  as  a  model,  still  it 
will  answer  our  purpose. 


PRESENT. 
A  Hatchet    Tumehegn, 
My  Un -Tumehegn, 

Thy  Uc-ku-Tumehegn, 
Hia  Ou-Tumehegn, 

Our  Ucku-Tumehagn, 
Your  Uc-Tumchegu, 
Tlieir    Omsu-Tumehogn, 


PAST. 

It  waa, 

Ubpunake, 

Upunake, 

Upunake, 

Nou-punekul, 

Nuawl-Oohpimegal, 

Punekul, 


PLURAL. 

Hatchets, 

ul, 

ul, 

ul, 

Nuunuel, 

Nunauel, 

Nnnuuel. 


20 


COIVIPFADirM  OF  INDIAN  GRAMMAR. 

r/"'  Vcrfi  to  Cut  —  Tnmrtainun,  {Aninutto    Vvrh,,  ix  ciijugatnl  an  f'A. 


I,  ,rs  ;— ,(rt  jiitrt  on/;/  of  this  is  i/irin.) 


phesent  timk. 


Mng 


uli 


-1.  Uii  ti 


I  Cut, 
You  Cut, 

Jl.!  CutK, 
Wo  Cut, 
All  Cut. 


I  did  Out, 
You  did  Cut, 
He  did  Cut, 
We  did  Cut, 
Ml  did  Cut. 


ar — 1.   uii  tuniL'-niun, 
U.  Uc  turn-ta-inun, 
3.  Ooc-tuin-ta-nnui, 
Plural — 1.  Tc  turn  ta  iiuin-nnnc, 

2  it  3.  Um  wcnw-nturnta  inun-nane, 

TAST  TIMK,  (OU  TENSE.) 

Singular — 1 .  Tin- tum-tainua-*napun, 

2.  Uctuin-ta-inuii  nupiui, 

3.  Oi)tamta-niuii napiHi, 
Plural — 1.  Uctum-ta-munnajMin, 

2  «t  8.  Uui  seuAv-kutuia-tii-iiiunna-nojnin, 

*  Napun  if  tho  sif^n  of  tbc  Prcterito,  or  rather  upnn  ;  the  letter  n 
and  others  are  thrown  between,  for  the  sake  of  Euphony,  in  Indian 
and  Celtic,  and  adds  much  to  the  harmony  of  a  language. 

Manner  of  wrilinff  the  Pronoun  with  the  Xonnin  the  following  wonh 

ThiK  form  in  (jcncrnl. 

Singular— My  Mother,  I^eek-wus.  ''' 

'I'liy  Mother,  Kee-wus. 

His  .^^otller,  Weekus.sul. 

Plural— Our  Mother,  Keek-wusson. 

Your  Mother,  Keekwuss  wah. 

Their  Motlier,  Uin-scuw-week-wurt  wahl 


Singular — My  Fatlior, 

Thv  Fiitlier, 

llis  Futlier, 

Plural— <'hir  Fatl\or, 
Your  Fiitlior, 
'Ihoir  I'iitlier, 

Our  riiUiefM, 
Their  Fatliers, 


Nu-nie-tahka. 
Uc-a-ince  talikfl. 
Oo  iiio-tahks  8ui. 

Ku  inc-talhk  smi. 
Uu  ku-uie-talhk-sun. 
Oo-metahk.swahl. 

Kii-iTio-tahk-sun.-\vuk. 

Ku  iiu'  tallcs  Hun-wuk. 


i 


NOUNS.  » 

These  are  divided  into  two  classeH — Animate  and  Inanihiatc. 
No  distinction  i.s  mado  for   difiVrenco  of  hox,  as   with  tlie  Latin 
Greek,  and  inodorn  European  LaiiQ^uagcs.     The  mowt  striking  j)eeii 
liarity,  which  run.'*  through  the   Indian  languages  of  the  Algonkiji 
Lenape  Family,  i.-^  the  division  into  two  great  classes,  animatk  and 
fSAMMATr.     'ihi.s  pervades  the  whole  language.     It  will  be  seen,  also, 
that  the  Nouns  in  tho  Etchomin,  have  the  Present  and  the  Preterite 
forms,  similar  to  a  verb;  this  peculiarity,  also,  exists  in  the  Micmac 
language. 


1. 

2. 
3, 


r 


I,    ' 


Cut, 
C^uU, 
Cut, 
Cut. 


(1  Out, 

did  Cut. 

id  ('ut, 
did  Cut, 
did  Cut. 

Hi  letter  n 
iu  iDdinii 


dng  wordi 


WUrt  Wlllil 


1. 

Ul. 

C-SUll. 

ahl. 

n-Avuk. 

in-M'ul<. 


riifiKitc. 

tlio  Livtiii 
kin^  jK'i'ii 
!  Al<^onkiji 
HHATs  ariil 
sseen,  alsfi, 
3  Preterite 
10  Micratn.' 


( 


SI 

CLAII  1. — A^riMATK  ITOVNS. 

SINGULAR. 
FaniMT. 


Attuck, 

Moowen, 

Ahtooacs, 

N'Mays, 

Sip.ses, 

Fosayuuni, 


A  Doer, 
A  Bear, 
A  Snake, 
A  Fish. 
A  little  Bird, 
A  Star, 


Pabt. 

Atlook, 
Moowenc. 
Ahtoosis -00. 
N'Mays. 
SipHt'oskuk. 


PLURAL. 

PaiaEirr. 

Attookuk,     Many  Deer. 
Mnoenyuk,  Bears. 
Attoosinwuk,  Snakes. 
N'Maysuc,    Fi^^heH. 
Soepsuc,        little  Birds 


P'saysra'nake,  Pa'ayeniuk,  Stars. 


\ 


The  Plural  of  thi.s  clasa  ends  in  oc,  cuk,  uc,  or  uck. 


\ 


CLAR8  2. — INANIMATE  NOUNS. 

SINGULAR.  PLURAL 

Peesk^t. 


Sijuttcul. 
Mt'kootahnosul. 
Skahkul. 
Weokwahmul. 
Seetul. 


all 


P.VST.  I'llESENT. 

Squut,  Fire,  Sciuttc.  Fire  out, 

Mekutiilmes),     A  Knifo,        Motahskoncl, 
Skaliqu,  Green  Wood,  Skahgulioogl, 

Weekwuhm,      A  Hut,  Wiiekwahin, 

O-scct,  A  Foot,  OM?et, 

The  plural  ends  in  ul,  el,  eul,  nil,  or  ooil. 

Vegetables  belong  to  this  class,  (inanimate)  all  parts  of  tlie  body 
1  virtues  and  vires,  Tools  and   iu.struments,    Furniture   Clothing 
Fruits,  Rivers  and  Water. 

The  most  striking  feature  in  tlic  table  above,  is  th<!  division  intu 
Present  and  Past,  (preterite)  <>f  tin;  singular  as  wvU  as  flic  |)liiral. 
Furwantof  space,  howcvtT,  tin-  [)ast  plural  eould  not  \v(.?ll  be  I'xhil)- 
itcd  hero;  the  above  examples  nuist  suffice  niitil  we  can  give  a  more 
extended  view  of  the  subject  from  our  Manuscript  (rrauimar.  !ii 
this,  the  vetbal  system  is  exliiMted  iu  detail,  wiiicii  is  rich  in  conju- 
gations— of  these,  we  liave  drawn  out  about  tliirty  model  verln. 
which  may  be  regarded  as  developing  tlic  structure  or  medianism  of 
tlie  Indian  tongue  relating  to  tlie  IS'ew  Enghind  States,  froiu  tlie 
Lunapi  of  tlie  Soutli,  to  tiie  Micmacsof  the  iN'.East,  in  which  we  find 
n  near  acuity  to  the  Etehemin. 

NOTE  ON  SPELLINO. 

Tbc  sounds  adopted  are  pure  Phonetic  English,  and  may  be  read  ut 
once  thus,  ah  as  in  mah,  a  or  ai/,  as  in  pay  1  lie  letter  r  does  not  exist 
in  the  Irint'uage  so  far  as  we  have  examined  it.  Tlie  letters  /  and  il 
are  interchanged.  There  is  a  soft  hissing  sound  in  the  word  for  alt 
Beeyeu :  written  in  full  oui-seuw. 

PRONOUNS. 


r" 


/      SINGULAR. 

1.  Neel, 

2.  Keel, 

3.  Lagum, 


1.  Kelun, 


PLURAL. 

We. 


I. 

You.  2.  La-gumow,  Ye  or  You. 

He  or  She.  3.  Um-seyu,    )  rj,,       ^^  ^jj 
La-^umow  J         •' 


S2 


INTERROGATIVE  PRONOUNS. 

SINOULAIt. 

1.  Wen-neel,  Who  (am)  I 

2.  Wen-keel,  Who  you. 
;^.  Wen-nut,     Who  ho. 


PLVBAL. 

Wen-e-kuh-nek-tuk,  Who  we. 

Who  thev 


„■  Wen-e-keel-now,  <         „ 
3.  '  (  or  all. 


DECLENSION  OF  NOUNS  AND  PRONOUNS. 

Mushun — A  Heart. 


SI>'(;ULAR. 

L'nnmuslnin,  My  heart. 
Kiiiiia^i  bun,    Tliy  heart. 
Oiumi.'j  bun,    His  heart. 

Fcldin- 

filNGUI.AR. 

1.  Un  pehtin,     My  hanci. 
*J    Koul  pehtin,  Thy  liand. 
8.  Ou  pehtin,     His  baud. 


PLURAL, 

1 .  Kiiin  mus  bun  nuel,  Our  hearts. 

Yoiur  heart.-i, 
or  Theirs. 


8. 


Ouinus  lum  wabl 


{ 


\ 


-A  Hand. 

rLUBAt. 

1.  Pehtinnel,    Our  hands. 

2.  Pehtibuel,  Your  hands. 

3.  Pehtinuel,  All  hands. 


Weehuiahm — A  Wigitam  or  House, 
Tlie  Pronouns  are  given  in  the  pliural  number ;   House,  singular. 


SINGULAR. 

Nook,     M,  house. 
Keck,      Tiiy  bouse. 
Week     Ilia  house. 


FLUBAL. 

Our  house. 
Your  house. 
Their  house. 


1.  Kee-nook, 

2.  Keek-wak, 
S.  Week--wak, 

Note,  This  arrangement  closely  resembles  the  declcusion  given 
in  Elliott's  Indian  Graunnar.  In  a  word,  this  outline  iyill  serve  to 
iliiwtrate  the  Molieagn,  till  something  better  is  given.  ^ 


In  House. 

BINGULAB. 

1.  La  me  quamneguk, 

y. Aveguk, 

3. weguk, 

TLURAL. 

1 .  La  me  quam  kee  nook, 

2. keek  wak, 

8. 


In  my  house. 
In  thy  house. 
In  his  house. 


s 


In  our  house.    ' 
In  your  bouse. 
In  their  house. 


ADJ.ECTIVES  AND  NOUNS. 


\ 


AXIUATE. 


INANIUATB. 


Wulle  sketop,  A  good  man.  KuUui  mcnek,  A  good  berry„ 

Kullosa  nam,  A  gcod  turkey,  Matchegon  menek,  A  bad  berry. 

Kuchee  seips,  A  large  bird.  Kuch.ee  apus,  A  large  tree. 

Skenosees,  A  email  boy.  Pnaps  squees,  A  small  atone. 

Kutchee  horse,  Old  horse.  Kah  neek  weekwahm,  Old  houie. 

MuUe  ke  guh  nay  sketop,  Strong  man,  Sahglao-pehtin,  A  strong  arm. 


y 


/ 


../ 


tAL. 

Who  we. 
Vho  thev 
r  all. 

UNS. 

RAL. 

r  lieartf*. 
)iu'  heart. i. 
Theirs. 

\ 

lAl. 

hands, 
r  hands, 
hands. 


singular. 

EAL. 

:■  house, 
jr  house. 
lir  house. 

ision  given 
ill  serve  to 


I 

B.' 
\ 

\  herrtf, 
bad  berry, 
tree. 
II  atone. 
,  Old  houae. 
trong  arm. 


23 


PRONOUNi:  AND  ADJECTIVES. 


SINGULAR. 


1.  Ncel  an  Kullus, 

2.  Keel  Kullus, 

3.  KuJlusu  nah  naffurn, 


I  (am)  good. 
You  good. 
Hi  good. 


PLIRAL. 


1.  M'suo  Kullusol  to  ])un 


W 


0  <I00( 


1. 


2  and  3.  M'sue  kullusol  tunc.       All  good. 

The  Tiidiari  docs  not  iipponr  to  rcco<];ni?:o  any  distinotion  botwovri 
the  2d  and  3d  ])ersou.s  plural  Tlio  Maine  remark  will  apply  gei-.-rally 
to  the  Etcheinin  verbs.  In  some  of  t1i«  shortest  and  most  ancient 
verbs,  however,  the  distinction  is  retained. 


ENGLISH. 

Inf.  Mood,  To  walk, 


VERB. 

ETCH 

Pmnoos 


MIX. 


MIC  MAC. 

Pa  meet. 


1.  I  walk, 

2.  You  walk, 

3.  He  walks, 


1.  "We  walk, 

2.  Ye  walk, 

3.  All  walk, 


I  walked. 
You  walked, 
He  walked, 

We  walked. 
Ye  walked,  ) 
AU  walked,  f 

J 

I  will  walk, 
You  will  walk, 
He  will  walk, 

We  "Will  walkj 


Indicative  Mood. — Present  Tense 

SINGULAR. 

Un  pnmoo.y, 
Uc  pmnoos, 
Moosay, 

PLURAL. 

Pummah  pah  sepun, 

K'pumoos, 

Mah  bahs  wuk. 

Preterite — singular. 

Un  pumoosa  pun, 
Uc  pumoosa  pun, 
Pinnoosa  pun, 

PLURAL, 

Kah  pumay  pah  se  no  pun, 


Pern  e  ay, 
Pern  e  en, 
Pem  e  et, 


Pern  ah  tcqu, 
Peme  tab  jik 


Pern  c  a  yap, 
Pem  e  a  yape, 
Pem  e  yep, 

Pem  ah  tc  gup, 
Pumah  pah  sep  neek,  Pem  e  tah  pu  neck, 

Future  Tense. — singular. 
Un  tahtswe  pumoos,  Pura  me  ahs, 

Keel  nah  qu  tahts  we  pumoos,   Pum  me  ay  tuks, 
Chuwc  puh  moosay,  Piun  me  ay  tow, 

PLURAL. 

Ku  tahtswe  pumah  pah  se  pun,  Pu  muli  dc  snoo. 


Ye  or  AU  willValk,  Kuh  tahts  we  pumah  sou  week,  Pu  me  tah  du  enow 


II 


\ 


^4 


CONCLUDING  REMARKS. 


/ 


The  arrangement  made  \vltli  the  printer  for 24  pages  oiAy, 
has  obliged  us  to  sliorteu  several  of  the  articles  prepared  ex* 
j>ressly  for  this  little  essay.  We  had  intended  also  to  exhibit 
the  Ciiippe\\ay  and  Moliegan  of  the  verb  To  ival/i,  winch  nvc 
"crowded  out,"  as  the  })rinters  would  say.  The  reader,  there- 
fore must  not  suppose,  because  only  the  three  tenses  of  the 
Indicative  Mood  are  here  given  of  a  verb,  that  the  Indian 
tongue  is  consequently  deficient  in  its  capacity  of  expression. 

We  would  at  this  time  take  occasion  to  disabuse  the  read- 
ing public,  respecting  the  language  of  the  Indian.  It  is  com- 
monly believed,  that  because  he  has  no  books  or  literature, 
that  his  language  is  rude  and  without  any  regularity  in  its 
structure ;  in  other  words,  that  it  has  no  Grammar.  The 
examinations  made  by  me  in  several  Indian  languages,  and  a 
careful  study  of  Mr.  (.Gallatin's  famous  work  on  the  Indian 
languages  in  Archeologia  Americana,  the  writings  of  Mr. 
Schoolcraft,  and  the  Grammar  of  Mr.  Zeisberger,  so  learn- 
edly edited  by  Mr.  Duponceau,  these  able  writers  have  shown 
that  the  reverse  is  true. 

We  cannot  do  better  than  lay  before  the  reader  at  this  time 
the  remarks  of  Mr.  Duponceau,  respecting  the  Delaware  In- 
dian language,  which  is  as  follows  : 

"This  Grammar  exhibits  a  language  entirely  the  work  of 
the  children  of  Nature,  unaided  by  our  arts  and  sciences,  and 
what  is  most  remarkable,  ignorant  of  the  art  of  writing.  Its 
forms  are  rich,  regular,  and  methodical,  closely  following  the 
analogy  of  the  ideas  which  they  are  intended  to  express. 

Tlie  terminations  of  their  verbs  expressive  of  number,  per- 
son, time,  and  other  modifications,  of  action  and  passion, 
while  they  are  richer  in  their  extension  than  those  of  Latin 
and  Greek,  which  we  call  emphatically  the  learned  languages, 
appear  to  have  bcon  formed  on  a  similar  but  enlarged  model, 
without  any  aid  Ihan  that  which  was  afforded  by  Nature,  Op- 
erating on  the  intellectual  faculties  of  man."  See  Zeisberger'is 
Grammar,  p.  248.  -■, 

\ 


X 


2S  onlyi 
ired  ex* 
exhibit 
lich  arc 
r,  there - 
3  of  the 
Indian 
)ression. 
he  read- 
iiscom- 
terature, 
ity  in  its 
ir.     The 
}s,  and  a 
3  Indian 
i  of  Mr. 
so  learn- 
^e  shown 


this  time 
iware  In- 

<s  work  of 
nces,  and 
iting.    Its 
awing  the 
jress. 
nber,  per- 
l  passion, 
;  of  Latin 
languages, 
jed  model, 
Mature,  Op- 
eisberger's 


\ 


